The feasibility of using the CDNS approach has been assessed by comparisons with single-loading and free-drug forms. In addition, the loading of multiple pharmaceutical agents with different characteristics may produce better anticancer effects than delivery of a single pharmaceutical agent. As a consequence, combination therapy can enhance drug effects and reduce the required drug dose, leading to decreased side effects and toxicity. Among their many advantages in cancer therapy are overcoming multidrug resistance and modulating different signaling pathways/mechanisms, which is likely to promote a synergistic effect. Such systems have shown superior therapeutic efficacy against cancers and have been accepted as an applicable strategy in clinical practice in recent decades. This construct has received considerable attention recently because it offers potential advantages in the treatment of disease, including cancers. Evaluating and confirming the efficacy of co-delivery nanoformulations will require in vivo studies.Ī co-delivery nanosystem (CDNS) consists of nanoformulations based on nanoparticles (i.e., a nanomedicine platform) and two or more pharmaceutical agents for their targeted delivery to selected cells. Conclusions: Our findings, although preliminary, indicate that the proposed dual delivery nanoformulation consisting of nanocore: MSNs loaded with CL and CR and coated with a shell of chitosan–cellulose conjugated folic acid exerted strong anticancer and apoptotic effects with potent antitumor activity against HCT-116 colon cells. With dual delivery compared with the free agents, we detected strongly increased p53, caspase-3, and Bax expression, but inhibition of Bcl-2, suggesting promotion of apoptosis. The lowest IC50 value was obtained for the nanoformulation consisting of CL and CR coated with a polymeric shell conjugated with FA (equivalent to 4.1 ± 0.05 µg/mL). Anticancer effects by cell line were in the order of HCT-116 > A549 > HOS > MCF-7. Co-delivery nanoformulations exerted anticancer effects that were significantly superior to those of single delivery or free CL or CR. Anticancer effects depended on treatment, cell line, and concentration. Results: Nanoformulations were successfully synthesized and contained 10.9 wt.% for the CL single-delivery version and 18.1 wt.% for the CL+CR co-delivery nanoformulation. For evaluating anticancer and apoptosis effects, we assessed changes in important genes and proteins in apoptosis (p53, caspase-3, Bax, Bcl-2) in several cell lines (MCF-7, breast adenocarcinoma HCT-116, colon carcinoma HOS, human osteosarcoma and A-549, non–small cell lung cancer). To create the structure with a core shell, we selected a chitosan–cellulose mixture conjugated with targeting ligands of folic acid for the coating. ![]() ![]() Additional loading of this nanoformulation with CR achieved the co-delivery format. Methods: For the single-drug nanoformulation, we used phosphonate groups to functionalize mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs) and loaded the MSNs with CL. Using cancer cell lines, we compared the anticancer efficacy between the combination and a nanoformulation with CL alone. Our aim in the current study was to fabricate an anticancer nanoformulation for co-delivery of two natural agents, curcumin (CR) and colchicine (CL), with a core-shell structure. One way to overcome these barriers is to combine natural agents with nanoparticles. Such agents, however, often are not water soluble and do not efficiently target cancer cells, and the kinetics of their action is poorly controlled. Purpose: Many natural agents have a high anticancer potential, and their combination may be advantageous for improved anticancer effects.
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